The U.S. ambassadors to Indonesia, Laos, and Thailand recently discussed America’s trade and investment relations in Southeast Asia and the future of U.S.-ASEAN relations with Pacific Council members and others.

The discussion was part of "The U.S. Ambassadors’ Tour," a US-ASEAN Business Council initiative aimed at forging economic and people-to-people connections between U.S. government, business, and academic leaders and ASEAN markets. It was presented in partnership with the Asia Society Southern California, the US-ASEAN Business Council, the USC Marshall School IBEAR MBA Program, USC’s U.S.-China Institute, and the Pacific Council.

The panel featured U.S. Ambassador to the Lao People’s Democratic Republic Rena Bitter, U.S. Ambassador to the Kingdom of Thailand Glyn Davies, U.S. Ambassador to Indonesia Joseph Donovan, and US-ASEAN Business Council President and CEO Alexander Feldman, and was moderated by Ms. Saori Katada, associate professor at USC’s School of International Relations.

Today, the 10 countries of ASEAN—Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam—are the fourth largest export market for the United States, and the number one destination for U.S. foreign direct investment in Asia. Trade with ASEAN supports almost 550,000 American jobs. Each of the ambassadors spoke about the state of U.S. relations with the country they interact with.

"We’re not competing with China, but we do want Laos to be able to voice their concerns through ASEAN."

Rena Bitter

"Laos borders four ASEAN countries and China, so it has a history of being pretty insular," said Bitter. "Being part of a bloc in Southeast Asia is important to them, so they’re putting their hopes in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and ASEAN. Ever since President Obama visited in 2016 and pledged $90 million to help clear unexploded ordnance, U.S.-Laos relations have been on an upward trajectory. The Trump administration’s posture toward Southeast Asia as an important regional partner has not changed very much."

She also pointed out that China is investing in infrastructure projects in Laos, including a major railroad.

"We’re not competing with China, but we do want Laos to be able to voice their concerns through ASEAN," she said. "Laos is concerned about the impact of Chinese loans, and they’re seeking to diversify."

Davies said the United States has a variety of important, strategic interests in Thailand, including health research, the Peace Corps, law enforcement exchange programs, and of course trade.

"One of the coolest things about our relationship is that it’s old," he said. "This is our oldest friend in Southeast Asia. This year we’re celebrating 200 years of friendship. I’m very proud of the extensive, grassroots programs we’re doing with the people of Thailand."

"Since Thailand is so embedded in the supply chain in China, Japan, and the United States, they’re concerned about this talk of trade tensions rising."

Glyn Davies

He pointed out, though, that the situation in Thailand has not always been smooth.

"There was a coup d’état four years ago, which led to a downward turn in relations, but since the passage of their new constitution things have gotten a lot better," he said. "We’re all hopeful that Thailand gets back to democracy. Elections have been promised in February 2019."

Davies also said that Thailand is concerned about rising trade tensions in the region, particularly between China and the United States.

"They’re asking, ‘Where is the United States going on trade?’ Since Thailand is so embedded in the supply chain in China, Japan, and the United States, they’re concerned about this talk of trade tensions rising and actions potentially being taken," he said.

Donovan said Indonesia is "an incredibly important country for the United States," in terms of both trade and counterterrorism efforts.

"A prosperous, democratic, and secure Indonesia is good for us, the ASEAN region, and the world."

Joseph Donovan

"I often joke that Indonesia is the largest country that Americans know so little about," he said. "There’s an awful lot at stake in terms of our interests in Indonesia. It’s the third largest democracy in the world and the world’s largest Muslim majority country. Our trade relationship and counterterrorism cooperation efforts are very important. A prosperous, democratic, and secure Indonesia is good for us, the ASEAN region, and the world."

He added that Indonesia has lately made good strides to open up foreign investment and make it easier to do business there, but that they still have a long way to go.

Feldman spoke about how successful ASEAN has been, despite the challenges it faces.

"Southeast Asia is one of the fastest growing economic regions of the world," he said. "It is also one of the youngest, and it is very tech savvy."

"The US-ASEAN Business Council welcomes competition from Europe in the ASEAN region. Let the games begin."

Alex Feldman

He pointed out that although the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is commonly known as China’s version of TPP, just like TPP it was started by ASEAN. When asked about European investment in the region, he said the US-ASEAN Business Council "welcomes competition from Europe in the ASEAN region. Let the games begin."

Davies said that ASEAN has been very successful in its main pursuit: resolving conflicts among member states.

"They’re committed to making ASEAN work," he said. "So is the United States."

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Justin Chapman is the Communications Officer at the Pacific Council on International Policy.

The views and opinions expressed here are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Pacific Council.

In a discussion with Pacific Council members, former U.S. Commerce Secretary Carlos Gutierrez urged the Trump administration to resolve the NAFTA negotiations soon in a mutually beneficial way and to focus on trade negotiations with China.

The discussion was moderated by Ms. Anne-Catherine Briand-Fortin, director of public affairs and government relations at the Quebec Government Office in Los Angeles. Gutierrez is also chair of the Albright Stonebridge Group. 

In light of President Trump’s recent announcements of tariffs on imported steel and aluminum, and as his administration more broadly pursues economic protectionist policies, Gutierrez has remained a vociferous defender of free trade. He argued that U.S. actions such as pulling out of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade deal allows China to fill the void in the region. 

"It seems to me that Trump’s decision—which was huge—to withdraw from TPP was made too easily," he said. "The good news is that Japan stepped up and said, ‘TPP is not gone.’ Ironically, Japan had to be convinced to join TPP, and now Japan is leading it. There’s a carve-out, if the United States eventually decides to come back in. The problem with being out of TPP is that unless U.S. companies have a plant in one of the TPP countries, they’re going to be shut out. We’re woefully underrepresented in the fastest growing, largest region in the world."

"What makes China believe that the United States will abide by a deal in 10 years? Look at what happened to Iran."

Carlos Gutierrez

At the same time, Gutierrez pointed out that China is now taking the lead in trade efforts in the region with the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) by building roads through Asia, investing in the "One Belt, One Road" initiative, and getting ready for the regionalization of Asia over the next decade.

The United States recently sent five administration officials—Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross, Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin, National Economic Council Director Larry Kudlow, National Trade Council Director Peter Navarro, and Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer—to negotiate with China on trade issues.

"There are two factions that we’re sending: one is the hardliners-on-trade faction (Lighthizer, Navarro, and Ross) and the other is the internationalist faction (Kudlow and Mnuchin)," said Gutierrez. "China is not easy to negotiate with. They just said they’re not excited about these meetings and their expectations are very low. How is the U.S. team going to go about this? Are they going to negotiate tariffs as punishment for intellectual property rights violations? Or are they going to try to get China to abandon their 2025 Plan and shut down state-owned enterprises? China has already said, ‘Don’t even try it. We’re not negotiating our model, we’re negotiating trade.’"

Gutierrez said a short-term deal over tariffs is not likely, and that "there’s a very high possibility of trade friction with China getting worse. What makes China believe that the United States will abide by a deal in 10 years? Look at what happened to Iran. I don’t think this distrust of the United States is irreversible, but it’s out there."

"We can't be fighting on all fronts. Let’s get NAFTA done and focus on the real goal, which is China."

Carlos Gutierrez

On NAFTA, Gutierrez said he hopes and believes that a mutually beneficial deal can be worked out among the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

"There is optimism that we can come to an agreed upon solution in the NAFTA negotiations, which I think the Trump administration wants because we can’t be fighting on all fronts," he said. "Let’s get NAFTA done and focus on the real goal, which is China."

He also expressed concern that a trade war with China could be difficult to wind down and will result in reduced U.S. influence around the world.

"If you start this trade war, how do you end it? What will the world look like? My sense is that there will have to be a recognition that there are different systems, and that those other systems are as valid as any other," he said. "We’re going to have to learn how to coexist with state-owned enterprises. The idea of remaking the world in our image will be a lot tougher. We’ve been lecturing countries for decades about how to do things and what not to do and to stay away from protectionism. Some countries are saying, ‘Well, if the United States is pulling back, this is the time for us to push forward.’"

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Justin Chapman is the Communications Officer at the Pacific Council on International Policy.

The views and opinions expressed here are those of the speaker and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Pacific Council.

Two weeks before North Korean leader Kim Jong-un made the same offer, Stanley Roth told Pacific Council members in a teleconference that the United States should promise not to invade North Korea as a bargaining chip to get the country to abandon its nuclear weapons. Roth is the former Assistant Secretary in the State Department’s Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs. The discussion was moderated by Ms. Jean H. Lee, director of the Hyundai Motor-Korea Foundation Center for Korean History and Public Policy and global fellow at the North Korea Documentation Project in the Wilson Center’s Asia Program.

The teleconference took place the week before Kim made history by crossing the Demilitarized Zone into South Korea for a summit with South Korean President Moon Jae-in. The two leaders signed a pledge to "cease all hostile acts" amid a "new era of peace," and agreed to work toward a complete denuclearization of the peninsula and a formal end to the Korean War this year. Kim and President Trump are still working out the details of their highly anticipated meeting, expected to take place soon. Then-CIA Director and current Secretary of State Mike Pompeo met with Kim in person in early April.

"What will come out of the meeting between Trump and Kim? It’s unrealistic to expect some peace agreement to come out of this meeting," said Roth. "But will there be a joint statement? And will that statement be substantive or more consisting of platitudes?"

"From the U.S. perspective, what do we want to get out of this summit? Hopefully not a one-off: they have a meeting and take a picture. That won’t change anything."

Stanley Roth

As to why North Korea is seemingly finally coming around to negotiations, Roth said the sanctions on North Korea have had "considerable bite. Their economy is hurting, and it’s harder to hide what’s happening outside North Korea from its people. So the sanctions are probably a major incentive for them to talk to the United States, but not the only one."

Roth pointed out that the international community still does not know much about Kim.

"He just met his first world leader in March when he went to Beijing," he said. "This is a learning curve for him, too. From the U.S. perspective, what do we want to get out of this summit? Hopefully not a one-off: they have a meeting and take a picture. That won’t change anything."

Roth also pointed out that North Korea has said they’ll denuclearize before, so he urged observers to temper their expectations.

"The devil is in the details," he said. "What are their expectations? What does North Korea mean by denuclearization? The simplest definition of denuclearization is that the North gives up its nuclear weapons. It wouldn’t involve the United States doing anything. The problem with that premise is the North is unlikely to do so."

"The United States needs to make clear that it’s not going to attack North Korea and will respect its sovereignty."

Stanley Roth

Roth said that the United States also has to factor in the expectations of the other players in the region, namely Japan, South Korea, and China.

"China, South Korea, and Japan are probably pleased that talks between the United States and North Korea are starting up again, which they’ve advocated for years," he said. "But this has the potential to take off without them. Beijing is used to being in the driver seat."

He added that China is not comfortable in any way with the idea of North Korea having nuclear weapons, because it adds a whole new level of danger to the region. But he also doesn’t see China agreeing to security assurances such as stationing troops in North Korea.

"Instead, the United States needs to make clear that it’s not going to attack North Korea and will respect its sovereignty," said Roth. 

Fittingly, two weeks after the teleconference, Kim said he was willing to get rid of his nuclear weapons if the United States promises not to invade North Korea.

Listen to the full conversation below:

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Justin Chapman is the Communications Officer at the Pacific Council on International Policy.

The views and opinions expressed here are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Pacific Council.

This year’s Global LA Summit featured panel discussions about issues related to Los Angeles' position as a global city, keynote interviews, and a Global Community Expo featuring LA-based organizations with engagement opportunities for members.

The sessions topics included the future of drones, the path to a renewable LA, the Sustainable Development Goals, NAFTA, Olympic lessons from Barcelona, water conflict, immigration lessons from Canada, the shifting global entertainment market, and more. 

What follows are just a few of the many notable insights from the conference. Read more insights here.

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The Future of Drones

Moderated by Dr. Stephanie Young, political scientist at the RAND Corporation, this "The Future of Drones: Promise and Uncertainty" session featured Mr. Wahid Nawabi, president and CEO of AeroVironment.

"Drones have dramatically changed how our troops protect themselves and engage with the enemy on the battlefield," said Nawabi. "They provide actionable intelligence and save lives."

He explained that the military first researched and used drones in their work, which then allowed private entities to expand drones into the commercial space.

"Now we need the right set of regulations to allow this industry to grow and remain safe," he said. "The innovation of analytics from these drones is transformative, and we’re just at the beginning. There’s much more to come in terms of what we can do with this data. Of course, drones can be misused by people, just like any technology, but with proper training and regulations they can change our lives for the better. As a company, we feel strongly about our role in ensuring the security of our drones. We must and do take privacy and security very seriously."

He showed off a new drone that has benefits in the agriculture space, such as allowing farmers to completely and remotely map their farms so they can make informed decisions. He said the cost per hour of operating one of his company’s drones is much cheaper than using helicopters and boats to monitor and track oil spills. 

When asked about the prospect of drones delivering packages, he said that is still a long way off.

"We still have a lot of work to do to prove the track record of drones before that goes mainstream," he said.

Implications for Southern California from the NAFTA Negotiations

Moderated by Ms. Anne Hilsabeck, principal and founder of AMH Customs Consultants, this "A New NAFTA? Implications for Southern California" session featured Ms. Farhanaz Kermalli, senior analyst of international affairs and trade at the U.S. Government Accountability Office; Mr. Carlos Valderrama, president of the Center for Global Trade and Foreign Investment at the Los Angeles Area Chamber of Commerce; and Mr. James Villeneuve, Consul General of Canada in Los Angeles.

"There’s never been uncertainty in trade like there is today," said Hilsabeck. "If the United States pulls out of NAFTA, it would be such a disruptive event for our trade in North America."

Valderrama agreed and called for everyone to "convince our elected officials to more vocally support NAFTA before it’s too late."

"We need to make an argument that pulling out of NAFTA will do more than impact people’s wallets. This is about more than trade statistics."

Michael Camuñez

Villeneuve said Canadian officials at the consulate in Los Angeles are doing just that by advising all interested CEOs and business owners to lobby their elected officials to get a NAFTA deal done. Villeneuve believes that Canada has put together the strongest trade negotiation team they have ever had for these NAFTA negotiations, including business, labor, and environmental interests.

The Honorable Michael Camuñez, a Pacific Council Director and president and CEO of Monarch Global Strategies LLC, pointed out that should the NAFTA negotiations fail, the consequences will be negative and far-reaching, beyond just an economic impact.

"We need to make an argument that pulling out of NAFTA will do more than impact people’s wallets," he said. "This is about more than trade statistics."

The Shifting Global Entertainment Market

Moderated by Mr. Erich Schwartzel of The Wall Street Journal, this "Bollywood, Nollywood, and Beyond: The Shifting Global Entertainment Market" session featured the Honorable Colleen Bell, former U.S. Ambassador to Hungary and television producer; Dr. Seagull Song, professor at Loyola Marymount Law and advisor to Chinese film clients coming to the United States and U.S. studios going to China; and Ms. Xian Li, a producer and studio executive at 20th Century Fox where she manages development and production for Fox’s Asia division.

Bell spoke about her time in Hungary and countering disinformation coming into Eastern Europe from Russia, which "is anti-American in nature." She spoke to countering this disinformation by using the vast library of U.S. movies and television shows in a public diplomacy effort to show U.S. culture for what it is.

"We have this huge library of content that we can flood into a geographic location," she said. "These are shows that allow people the opportunity to see our culture. The soft power of entertainment can be used for social change—fictional storylines about refugees can make a difference."

Song spoke about internet piracy in China, and how the restriction on importing films drives that activity, because "there is only very limited content that is allowed to be imported into China." There are only three types of ways non-Chinese movies can go into China, she added: quota film or revenue-sharing quota film, flat-fee film, or co-production films, which are "treated as a Chinese production because the creator has to be Chinese or Chinese and American, it has to be financed by Chinese and American money, and photography has to be Chinese and American."

Li spoke about the other markets in Asia that studios are looking at expanding into or are already in. Japan is the third largest market for consuming media in the world, and South Kore is number five, according to Li.

"The Korean market, similar to the Japanese market, is half and half: 50 percent local films, 50 percent Hollywood," she said. "The other emerging markets that we are keeping a close eye on are Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand. They have been producing very good small budget productions, including streaming services, but their infrastructure is not quite there yet."

Immigration Lessons from Canada

Moderated by Ms. Colleen Thouez of the UN Institute for Training and Research, this "The Making of the Mosaic: Immigration Lessons from Canada" session featured Mr. Terry Brown, consul and migration program manager at the Canadian Consulate in Los Angeles; and Dr. Linda Lopez, chief of the Office of Immigrant Affairs in the office of the Mayor of Los Angeles.

Lopez spoke to the role Los Angeles and other major cities play in international migration.

"Cities are going to be increasingly the centers or the places where we’re going to have to address those different challenges, such as housing and employment," she said. "We’re seeing networks emerge that have to do with how we address these challenges when all of a sudden we have migration flows that perhaps cities don’t have the capacity to respond to."

"We don’t have any anti-immigration political parties in Canada. The difference is that in Canada the right focuses on economic immigration and the left focuses on humanitarian immigration."

Terry Brown

Brown spoke about Canada’s immigration system and how it compares to the U.S. model.

"We don’t have any anti-immigration political parties in Canada," he said. "The difference is that in Canada the right focuses on economic immigration and the left focuses on humanitarian immigration."

Brown said Canada implemented a program highlighting rules-based openness, which allows international university students to stay and work in Canada upon completion of their degree.

"We looked at our system about 15 years ago and said, ‘We have all these smart, young kids. Why are we making them go home?’" he said. "Now when you get a degree in Canada, you get a three-year, no conditions, open work permit at the end of it. That gives you Canadian experience and extra points in our merit-based system."

Still, Brown added, Canada needs to "make it easier for people to integrate into our country and realize their economic potential."

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Justin Chapman is the Communications Officer at the Pacific Council on International Policy.

Learn more about the Global Los Angeles Summit. See photos from the summit here.

Read a summary of our keynote interviews with Dr. Liam Fox and Senator Christopher Coons. Check out photos from the summit on our Flickr page.

The views and opinions expressed here are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Pacific Council.

This year’s Global LA Summit featured panel discussions about issues related to Los Angeles' position as a global city, keynote interviews, and a Global Community Expo featuring LA-based organizations with engagement opportunities for members.

The sessions topics included the future of drones, the path to a renewable LA, the Sustainable Development Goals, NAFTA, Olympic lessons from Barcelona, water conflict, immigration lessons from Canada, the shifting global entertainment market, and more. 

What follows are just a few of the many notable insights from the conference. Read more insights here.

____________________

The Path to a Renewable LA

Moderated by Ms. Alice Hill, research fellow at the Hoover Institution, this "Clean & Green: The Path to a Renewable LA" session featured Mr. Ronald Nichols, president of Southern California Edison.

"We believe that we need to reduce California’s emissions by 40 percent below the 1990 level by 2030, and 80 percent by 2050," said Nichols. "This is ambitious, but we need to switch California’s energy to non-carbon-producing sources."

He praised both the Port of LA and the Port of Long Beach as the lifeblood of LA’s economy, but pointed out that they’ve also historically been an enormous source of emissions. However, that presents a huge opportunity for emission reduction, as well, he added.

"We at Southern California Edison strongly support the Paris Accord on Climate Change. The United States needs to lead by example."

Ronald Nichols

Nichols also touted the Paris Climate Accord.

"We at Southern California Edison strongly support the Paris Accord on Climate Change," he said. "The United States needs to lead by example."

The consequences of climate change can have real world impacts on utility systems, he added.

"The volatility of LA’s weather—from severe drought to extended fire season—means we have to be ready for a new normal," he said. "Utilities need to harden their systems."

He added that utility systems are vulnerable in other ways as well.

"In 2017, there were 7 million attempts to hack our systems," he said. "They didn’t get in, but we must remain vigilant and strengthen our cybersecurity by investing in the Internet of Things and distribute our systems. The grid we have today is not equipped to handle the coming disruption of electric vehicles. The system has to be modified to meet that demand."

Megacities and the Sustainable Development Goals

Moderated by Ms. Erin Bromaghim of the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation and LA Mayor’s Office of International Affairs, this "Making the Global Local: Megacities and the Sustainable Development Goals" session featured Mr. Tony Pipa, senior fellow for global economy and development at the Brookings Institution; Ms. Colleen Thouez, senior advisor at the UN Institute for Training and Research; and Ms. Penny Abeywardena, New York City’s Commissioner for International Affairs.

"The Sustainable Development Goals are essentially a list of goals that the global community, through the UN as a vehicle, has come together to figure out how we address inequity around the world," said Abeywardena. "They are an agenda for the entire world. We all have a role to play to achieve these global goals."

Pipa said the SDGs are important because they allow for new ways of measuring progress.

"We measure progress by economic growth—we use GDP," he said. "Yet we know that doesn’t capture a whole bunch of dimensions for well-being that cities are trying to achieve for their citizens. Human dimensions like poverty, health, hunger, education, decent jobs, gender equality and equity, protection of human rights, and ensuring climate and environmental sustainability. We ought to act in global solidarity, and that’s what the SDGs represent."

Bromaghim discussed how the city of Los Angeles is taking action to help achieve the SDGs.

"LA has been in awareness-raising mode for the SDGs," she said. "Now we’re moving into the implementation phase."

Thouez added that states need to get creative about how they fund and approach their SDG efforts.

Olympic Lessons from Barcelona

Moderated by Dr. John Gleaves of California State University at Fullerton’s Center for Sociocultural Sport and Olympic Research, this "Branding an Olympic City: Lessons from Barcelona" session featured Ms. Anita DeFrantz, vice president of the International Olympic Committee’s Executive Committee and president emeritus of the LA84 Foundation.

"Barcelona and Los Angeles are in very similar spots when Barcelona began to prepare for their 1992 Olympic Games and where we are at today when we are preparing for the LA 2028 Olympics," he said. "Essentially, the city of Barcelona looked at bidding for and hosting the Games as a way to drive through the major urban redevelopment aims the city had planned and developed in 1976."

"A legacy foundation like the LA84 Foundation is the best thing an Olympic Games can do. The Games can’t fix the city, but it can make a huge difference in how people feel about their city."

Anita DeFrantz

DeFrantz, who has been on the International Olympic Committee since 1986 and was the vice president of the organizing committee for the 1984 Olympics, spoke about how the 1984 Olympics helped Los Angeles, and what we should expect from the Games in 2028.

"A legacy foundation like the LA84 Foundation is the best thing an Olympic Games can do," she said. "If we’re going to have a strong Olympic Games, it is really going to be felt by underserved communities. Sixty percent of the $270 million surplus from the LA84 Games went to the U.S. Olympic Committee, and 40 percent went to the LA84 Foundation. The Games can’t fix the city, but it can make a huge difference in how people feel about their city and can show that we can live in peace together."

Both speakers made sure to point out that not commissioning new housing for the 2028 Olympics is a missed opportunity for the city of Los Angeles and the future of its urban development.

Conflict and Water

Moderated by Dr. Kelly Sanders of USC’s Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, this "Water Conflict: What Can Southern California Learn from Cape Town?" session featured Dr. Jay Famiglietti, senior water scientist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Sanders discussed how conflict relates to water rights and resource management.

"We look at conflict through the lens of political regimes, but a lot of times there are resource issues underlying those conflicts," she said. "The war in Syria, in some ways, was the outcome of decades of poor groundwater management. In the 20th century we fought wars over energy, and in the 21st century we are going to move because of water, because water underpins food production and energy production. We look at it through the lens of other things that aren’t necessarily resource tension."

She added that water is a human right, and called for conservation structures that don’t have a negative impact on the poor.

"Californians were committed to water conservation during the drought—until it rained again one time. How do we get people to realize that we’re in this for the long haul?"

Jay Famiglietti

Famiglietti talked about how heavily contaminated the groundwater is in the United States.

"It takes a long time and a lot of money to clean up," he said. "The cleanup of perchlorate under JPL has been ongoing for three decades. When you combine the water quality issues globally with groundwater contamination issues and changing water availability that we can now see with satellites, it’s a pretty grim picture. We can’t solve the global water crisis, we can only address it and try to manage our way through it."

Famiglietti spoke about the difficulty in getting people to adopt water conservation as a lifestyle.

"Californians were committed to water conservation during the drought—until it rained again one time," he said. "How do we get people to realize that we’re in this for the long haul?"

One suggestion was to make water bills simpler and much easier to understand.

____________________

Justin Chapman is the Communications Officer at the Pacific Council on International Policy.

Robert Dunbar was the Communications and Programs Fellow at the Pacific Council on International Policy.

Learn more about the Global Los Angeles Summit. See more photos from the summit here.

Read a summary of our keynote interviews with Dr. Liam Fox and Senator Christopher Coons. Check out photos from the summit on our Flickr page.

The views and opinions expressed here are those of the speakers and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Pacific Council.